Enemy in the Winter War

Soviet forces were overwhelmingly better armed and equipped than Finnish troops. A Soviet infantry division was slightly larger than it's Finnish counterpart and had more machineguns. It was also more motorized and had a tank company of 40 tanks in it. Artillery had more and heavier guns than Finnish forces. Also there was unlimited ammo available. The motorization of Soviet forces was not a good aspect in the Finnish terrain. It tied troops to the roads and made them easy to surround. Also close combat weapons were inadequate, since no submachine guns were available. Training was inadequate, like Soviets hadn't took the grease out of their automatic rifles and so they froze and jammed. In the late part of the war Soviets began to use some ski troops but these were inferior compared to Finns. Soviet use of tanks wasn't the best possible, usually tanks followed infantry and were took out of action by few Finnish AT-guns or drove independently to the rear and were took out with Molotov Cokctails or AT-Grenades, since they no infantry to protect them. Later Soviets tried to take infantry with tanks by using armored sleighs. Tanks were of poor quality this time, mostly T-26, BT-7 or T-28. Soviet airforce had I-16, I-15 and I-153 fighters, SB-2 and DB-3 bombers. Pilots were inferior in quality compared to Finnish ones.

In the beginning of the Winter War Soviets forces under Leningrad Military District were made up of:
7th Army of at least 9 divisions and at least 5 tank brigades in the Carelian Isthmus, totalling over 200000 men, 1500 armored vehicles and 900 artillery pieces.
8th Army in the area north of Lake Ladoga with 6 divisions and 1 tank brigade. It had 120000 men, 400 armored vehicles and 600 artillery pieces.
9th Army in Northern Carelia, which had 3 divisions with minor tanks forces.
14th Army was in the Arctic with 3 divisions. From Repola to the Arctic Sea were 140000 men, 150 armored vehicles and 550 artillery pieces.

After defeats in December Soviets massed up two new armies, 13th to the Carelian Isthmus, and 15th to north of Lake Ladoga. In the end Soviets had on the Carelian Isthmus 600000 men, 1200-1400 armored vehicles and nearly 4000 artillery pieces. At least 25 divisions were in action then.
Soviets reinforced forces north of Ladoga with 7 divisions. After reinforcements had arrived, the strenght stood at 250000 men, 300 armored vehicles and 1300 artillery pieces.
Northern front received no reinforcements.

Enemy in the Continuation War

Soviet army was under of changes in organization and equipment when the Continuation War broke out. Divisions were made smaller and more rapid-fire weapons were added. Also number of mortars was increased. The size of Soviet division diminished during 1941, and it was smaller than it's Finnish counterpart in the end of the year. During the static phase Soviet forces were mostly badly equipped in the Finnish front since all the good equipment went to the south. Lots of Lend and Lease equipment was used by these troops since Murmansk was close. Finnish forces shot down numerous P-40's, P-39's and A-20's. Soviet made planes were of older stock here like I-16 and MiG-1. In the strategic attack of 1944 enemy had lots of rapid fire infantry weapons with massive numbers of conventional and rocket artillery. Tanks were good, like T-34/85 and JS-2. Lots of assault guns like JSU-152 were deployed. Airforce had modern planes like Yak-9, La-5and Il-2, which only Messerschmitt 109 could bring effectively down. This was the weaponry that was brought along with Guards units to break Finland in June 1944.

In the end of June 1941 Soviet Union had about 16 divisions under Northern Front against Finland.
23rd Army was in Carelian Isthmus with 21st (Mech.), 43rd, 115th (Mot.), 123rd, 142nd Divisions and 35th Tank Brigade.
7th Army was in area north of Lake Ladoga with 71st, 168th and 237th Divisions.This army also had 54th Division in the Northern Carelia.
14th Army was in the Arctic with 52nd, 122nd and 1st Tank Divisions in Salla. In Murmansk this Army had 14th and 104th Divisions. 88th Division was the reserve of 14th Army.
In Hanko was 8th Independent Brigade.

Soviets received few reinforcement formations during attack phase, but these hardly replaced the destroyed and worn-out units. During the static phase of the Continuation War Soviet forces were deployed followingly:
23rd Army in the Carelian Isthmus under Leningrad Front with 3 divisions
7th Army in the River Svir under Stavka with 5 (1942)-3 (1944)divisions and some Marine brigades.
32nd Army in the Maaselkä Isthmus under Carelian Front with 6 (1942)-4 (1944) divisions.
Armies in the German sector of the front:
26th Army in Uhtua and Kestenga sectors under Carelian Front with 5 divisions and some Marine brigades.
19th Army in the Vermajoki with 2 divisions.
14th Army in the Murmansk sector with 3 divisions and some marine brigades.

For the attack of summer 1944, the Soviets had deployed their forces in four armies under two fronts three last armies were:
21st Army in the Carelian Isthmus under Leningrad Front with 15 divisions (many of them Guards) and lots of additional armor and artillery units, which was to break through Finnish lines and advance to Viborg.
23rd Army in the Carelian Isthmus under Leningrad Front with 6 divisions, which had the secondary role in the attack on Carelian Isthmus. Supporting these two armies were nearly 1000 planes, 628 tanks and assault guns.
7th Army was in the River Svir under Carelian Front with 12 divisions. It's task was to take Petrozavodsk and liberate Soviet Carelia. 350 planes were supporting it.
32nd Army was in Maaselkä Isthmus under Carelian Front with 4 divisions. This army's task was to liberate northern part of the Soviet Carelia.

Map of Carelia for finding the locations of the armies

Three armies were keeping an eye on Germans in the Arctic and didn't take part in the attack:
26th Army was in the Rukajärvi and Uhtua sectors.
19th Army was defending Kandalakhsha.
14th Army was defending Murmansk in the River Litsa.