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From: Johan Olofsson Subject: How big are Sweden's native minorities? Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic Date: 15 Jan 1998 Message-ID: <yzzu3b54wkh.fsf_-_@tinkerbell.lysator.liu.se> > Since the 1980s the Sámi languages have been given a somewhat > stronger position in the schools, changing the former policy which > has led to 80% of the Sámis being unable to write in any Sámi > language. (The same estimation says 20% of the 15'000 > self-identifying Sámis of Sweden don't understand spoken Sámi.) > The Sámi languages and heritage have for long time been connected > with feelings of shame and inferiority. [ ... ] > Now I can't find my source for this estimation, but I think it was > some paper from Sametinget, or whatever... :-//
I found another, and probably newer, reference:
By Hugh Beach, in the book Polar Peoples, London 1994:
Accurate demographic statistics on Sámi population size and distribution are largely lacking. Much depends, of course, on the operational definition of "Sámi," and this presents a difficult problem. Ruong's standard work on the Sámi from 1975 claims there to be a total of 35,000 Sámi, of whom 20,000 are in Norway, 10,000 in Sweden, 3,000 in Finland and 2,000 in Russia.The 1982 revised edition of this work, however, gives considerably higher numbers: a total of 60,000 Sámi, of whom 40,000 are in Norway, 15,000 in Sweden, 4,000 in Finland and 1,500 to 2,000 in Russia.
Obviously this rise of over 58% in seven years reflects more than a growing birth rate; it reflects various definitions of Sámihood based largely on criteria of language and individual self-ascriptions (criteria still debated but commonly accepted by the Sámi themselves, and formalized in the definition of those eligible to participate in the election of representatives to their respective Sámi Parliaments in Norway, Sweden and Finland). Finnish figures from 1991 indicate that there are 4,000 Sámi living in northern Finland and 2,000 Sámi living in other parts of Finland.
There is furthermore a growing tendency for those Sámi who earlier sought to avoid public admission of their ethnic roots for fear of stigmatization to take new pride in their ethnic membership.
On the issue of Saami language abilities, in the same piece:
Language loss and lack of reading and writing skills have been pressing problems for the Saami. The research of Henning Johansson for the non-herding Saami population in Sweden showed alarming results: 20% cannot understand Saami; 40% cannot speak Saami; 65% cannot read Saami; 85% cannot write Saami (SOU 1975:100, p. 344).
Please notice!
This is a point where I have spread even worse rumors before! I stand corrected.
In Finland, the outlook for maintaining the Saami language is not good. Measures to teach reading and writing skills in Saami through the schools has been focused upon children alone.While figures demonstrating Saami linguistic competence give cause for alarm, the situation is far worse when it comes to actual language use. Individual linguistic competence has been found to persist far longer than actual usage, but it is the latter which keeps a language alive through generations, breeding new competence. Aikio has pointed out that in Finland, shortage of teaching material, shortage of Saami-speaking teachers, little media exposure and lack of official recognition even within the realm of the reindeer herding administration, all have inhibited the use of the Saami language even by those competent to do so. Recent research by Guttorm (1985) found that Saami-speaking children often spoke Finnish outside the home even when speaking to each other.
> The book "Det Mångkulturella Sverige" says approximately 6,000 Gypsies > and 16,000 Jews (in a wide sense).
The 16,000-figure is for Jewish heritage, the number of (...how to say it?) practicing Jews is about the half, round 8,000.
I suspect the same thing can be said for the size of the Tornedalen-Finnish minority in Sweden. The number of people with a Tornedalian heritage is for sure much higher than the number of Tornedalians in Tornedalen. But Tornedalians outside of Tornedalen get assimilated. The question is: should they be included when estimiting the size of the minority.
regards!
Johan Olofsson
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- Is the text above
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- See the discussion in |
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